The last larval instars (based on larvae or exuviae) of *Anthrenus* (*Anthrenodes*) *sarnicus* Mroczkowski, 1963; *A.* (*Anthrenops*) *coloratus* Reitter, 1881b; *A.* (*s. str.*) *flavipes flavipes* LeConte, 1854; *A.* (*s. str.*) *scrophulariae scrophulariae* (Linnaeus, 1758); *A.* (*Florilinus*) *flavidus* Solsky, 1876; *A.* (*F.*) *museorum* (Linnaeus, 1761); *A.* (*F.*) *olgae* KalÃk, 1946; *A.* (*Helocerus*) *fuscus* Olivier, 1789; *A.* (*H.*) *polonicus* Mroczkowski, 1951; *A.* (*Nathrenus*) *verbasci* (Linnaeus, 1767); and *A.* (*Peacockia*) *vladimiri* Menier et Villemant, 1993 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are redescribed and illustrated. Morphological characteristics of *Anthrenus* larvae such as the general morphology of antennae, epipharynx, mandibles, maxillae, ligula with labial palpi, hastisetae, legs, terga, and the condition of the antecostal suture are documented and discussed. Structural differences among mature larvae of 20 *Anthrenus* species are compared and summarized. Pupae of the following species: *A.* (*A.*) *coloratus* Reitter, 1881; *A.* (*F.*) *flavidus* Solsky, 1876; *A.* (*F.*) *olgae* KalÃk, 1946; *A.* (*H.*) *fuscus* Olivier, 1789; and *A.* (*H.*) *polonicus* Mroczkowski, 1951, are described and illustrated for the first time. A list of Dermestidae species with references related to larval morphology characters, and a comparison of some larval characters between *Anthrenus* species, is included. A key to the identification of some *Anthrenus* species has been provided. Parsimony analyses were used in phylogenetic reconstruction for studied species of *Anthrenus*. The cladistic analyses were based on a comprehensive survey of larval morphological characters. General remarks on evolution, biogeography, and certain other aspects linked with larval stages of Dermestidae are presented and discussed.