Descriptions or redescriptions of the genus Anthrenocerus Arrow and 31 species are provided as well as a tabular key to all species; the descriptions include adult genitalia and illustrations. One new combination, Trogoderma niger (Armstrong, 1943), comb. nov., is proposed. Trogoderma riguum Erichson, 1842 is recognised as the senior synonym of A. australis Hope, 1843 but A. australis is retained pending application to the ICZN. Fourteen new species are described; these are: A. armstrongi, sp. nov., A. brindabella, sp. nov., A. corrugatus, sp. nov., A. decoris, sp. nov., A. hirsutus, sp. nov., A. intricatus, sp. nov., A. musaicus, sp. nov., A. nebulosus, sp. nov., A. occidentalis, sp. nov., A. pilatus, sp. nov., A. pinto, sp. nov., A. schwarzeneggeri, sp. nov., A. stellatus, sp. nov., and A. tessellatus, sp. nov. The genus is now reported from Papua New Guinea.